Articulation – The physical ability to produce sounds to form words. Phonology – The study of sounds and their patterns in speech. Language Development – The process by which children learn to understand and use language. Fluency – The smoothness or flow of speech, related to stuttering. Aphasia – A condition that affects language comprehension and production, often due to brain injury or stroke. Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, often addressed in speech therapy. Voice Disorders – Conditions that affect the pitch, volume, or quality of the voice, such as hoarseness or vocal nodules. Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) – A professional trained to assess and treat speech and language disorders. Cognitive-Communication Disorders – Difficulties with thinking and communication, often due to brain injury. Articulation Disorders – Difficulty pronouncing certain sounds. Resonance – The quality of sound produced during speech, often altered by conditions like cleft palate. Pragmatics – The social rules and conventions governing communication. Expressive Language – The ability to produce or use language, including speaking and writing. Receptive Language – The ability to understand language. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – A developmental disorder that can affect communication skills, often treated with speech therapy. Tinnitus – Ringing in the ears, which may affect speech perception. Selective Mutism – A condition where a person is unable to speak in certain social situations. Speech Delay – A delay in the development of normal speech skills. Early Intervention – Early treatment to address speech and language issues, typically before age 5. Pragmatic Language Therapy – Therapy focused on improving social communication skills.